Introduction

Every European neurologist knows about the European Union's Human Brain Project. Many scientists from other disciplines are probably also familiar with this project or even actively participate in it. Mathematicians, for example. But it is precisely this group that has awakened illusions for which there are no solid reasons.

They think they can understand the brain if they reduce it to the microscopic level of the synapses. They think that studying the synaptic connections between all the nerve cells would lead to a solution. They think that the virtual reconstruction of the recognised synaptic connections in a sufficiently powerful monster computer would make it possible to understand how the human brain works.

And it is celebrated as a huge success that the complete synaptic structure of a cortical cube of about 1 mm edge length can be simulated in a monster computer - based on the structural analysis of a mouse brain.

Common sense could have taken other paths. This is my opinion.

Since it has become technically possible to directly measure electrostatic potentials at the cerebral cortex, the following results are almost always obtained:

- A movement of the hands, the arms, the legs, the trunk, but also of the eye muscles or any muscles evokes excitation patterns on the cortex surface, in which excitation maxima move back and forth depending on the joint angles.

- A change in the pitch, i.e. the tone frequency, leads to the formation of excitation maxima in certain areas of the cortex, their shifting and their wandering.

- In the primary visual cortex, the view of an inclined, dark straight line against a light background leads to excitation maxima that move windmill-like around a centre as the angle of attack of the straight line changes (orientation columns in V1).

- In secondary visual fields, one observes the migration of excitation maxima at the sight of such inclined straight lines when they move at right angles to their own course (field V2).

- Even mental activities (reading, calculating, thinking) lead to excitation maxima in selected cortex areas and their local changes.

It is a research method that has been tried and tested for thousands of years to observe something real and then seek scientific explanations for it.

If mathematicians now recognise that excitation maxima arise in the cortex and move back and forth on the cortex surface depending on various examination methods and examination parameters (joint angle, pitch changes, change in the angle of attack of inclined straight lines, speed of movement of such straight lines), then the assumption is obvious that here the examination parameters cause the position and the migration of the excitation maxima.

When excitation maxima come into play, the subconscious should become active in all mathematicians and remind them of the elementary knowledge of extreme value calculation. Mathematicians should then recall the connection between the differential of an excitation function and the extreme values of this function and confront the problem with the means of differential calculus.

Extreme value coding in the primary cortex areas is only one focus of this monograph. The main focus is on the derivation of the evolutionary history of the brain, the deciphering of the functioning of most neuronal modules in the brain and the analysis of the overall system.

We do not know too little, but too much. The abundance of facts obscures the connections that need to be recognised. I already wrote this in my previous monograph "Brain Theory of Vertebrates", which is now followed by this monograph entitled "Theory of the Human Brain".

Andreas Heinrich Malczan

Oranienburg, 01.05.2021

Human brain theory

Introduction